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Prostate Problem

• Prostate gland is found at the base of the bladder in men, which produces fluid which forms part of the semen and helps carry sperm
• As a man gets older the size of the prostate may get bigger. It can squeeze the urethra (like pinching a straw) and this can upset normal urine flow

Signs & Symptoms

• If a man has a prostate problem the way he passes urine changes slowly. Changes may not be noticeable at first or may occur from time to time. Changes include:
  • Difficulty or delay in starting urine flow
  • Stopping and starting in the middle of urine flow
  • After you feel you have finished, a little more urine dribbles out
  • A smaller, weaker urine flow
  • Taking longer to urinate than before
  • Feeling that you have not quite emptied your bladder
  • Getting up more often at night to go to the toilet
  • Going to the toilet more often during the day
  • Sudden strong urges to urinate

• There are three main prostate problems. You may have any one, or a combination of these:
  • Prostate cancer – lumps that become hard and stony. If the cancer is detected early there is a better chance of it being successfully treated.
  • Enlarged prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) – as men get older the prostate gland may grow bigger and can upset normal urine flow, causing some of the mentioned symptoms

Inflamed prostate (Prostatitis) – prostate becomes sore and swollen. May be treated with antibiotics .

Causes

• Prostate enlargement occurs gradually
• The result of hormonal changes associated with ageing, such as the conversion of testosterone to a more potent form called dihydrotestosterone and this causes an overproduction of prostate cells, which in turn causes the prostate to enlarge
• As the prostate enlarges, it obstructs the urethral canal, interfering with urination and the ability to completely empty the bladder

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Self care

• Consult a doctor if you have any symptoms of prostate problems
• If 50 years of age or older, ask a doctor about having regular prostate checks
• If anyone in your family has had prostate cancer, you should start having regular checks after 40 years of age
• Talk to a pharmacist or doctor about taking medicines that work best for you
• Smoking, alcohol, caffeine and junk food have all been associated with prostate problems. Avoid these, and try a diet rich in whole, unprocessed foods (wholegrains, vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds)

Medicine

• For Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
  • Change hormone levels or relax the prostate
  • Some medicines need to be taken for some time before symptoms improve
  • Certain supplements can relieve the symptoms of BPH. Check with a pharmacist or doctor before trying these.
  • Surgery can enlarge the part of the urethra that passes through the prostate; laser therapy may also be used

• • For cancer
    • Medical treatment will be required to stop the cancer growing or spreading. No supplements should be used for prostate cancer without medical advice
    • Surgery will be another treatment option by removing the prostate.

Supplements/Vitamins

• Saw Palmetto – can help to reduce the size of enlarged prostate and hence improve urination problems.
• Nettle root – reduce obstruction of urinary flow.
• Pygeum – improves urinary symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate.
• Vitamin C – makes urination easier and reduce swelling
• Zinc – zinc deficiency is associated with enlarged prostate;. can help to promote a healthy prostate.

*Consult a pharmacist at Lovy Pharmacy when choosing a supplement for your condition.

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Peroid Problem

They have 2 type:

PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME

• Caused by the changes in hormonal levels dousing the menstrual cycle.
• May be felt for up to 2 weeks before period starts.

Signs and Symptoms
PHYSICAL

• Fluid retention – bloated abdomen, weight gain, swollen ankles / fingers
• Increased thirst or appetite
• Tender, swollen and painful breasts
• Dull aches and pain
• Headache
• Constipation
• Tiredness / difficulty sleeping
• Skin breaks out

EMOTIONAL

• Irritable and aggressive
• Clumsy and uncoordinated
• Feeling depressed
• Loss of concentration

You probably have PMS if you:

• Experience these symptoms at the same time each month.
• Feel better once the period starts.

PEROID PAIN

• Usually happens days before period starts
• Due to the release of Prostaglandin (PG) when period starts

Sign and Symptoms

• Spasms and cramping pain across the lower abdomen and/or lower back
• Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea
• Stomach blotting
• Headaches
• Occasional Shakiness, Dizziness

Pain gradually eases after bleeding starts.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]Self Care

• Get plenty of sleep
• Wear a well-fitting cotton-bra if you have sore breasts.
• Place a hot water bag on your stomach or lower back to relieve pain
• Use relaxation technique to help cope with tension and pain, e.g. read a book, do some gardening or go for a walk
• Regular exercise can reduce pain and create a feeling of well-being
• Healthy eating – plenty of fruits and vegetables
• Period pain can be caused by underlying disease e.g. fibroids and endometriosis. Consult a doctor if you have:
  • Period pain for the first time after the age of 25
  • Pain that lasts longer than your menstrual flow
  • Abnormal vaginal discharge
  • Abnormal bleeding
  • Pain during sexual intercourse
  • Fever with the pain
  • Pain when passing a bowel motion

Medicine

• Consult our pharmacists/doctors for medicine to relieve period pain e.g. mefenanic acid, paracetamol (Panadol® )

Supplement/Vitamin

• Evening Primrose Oil – eases premenstrual syndrome and period pain
• Calcium – reduce emotional and physical premenstrual symptoms
• Vitamin E – ease mentrual-cycle related breast pain

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What is OSTEOPOROSIS?

• Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time.
• It occurs when:

• The body fails to form enough new bone,
• Too much old bone is reabsorbed by the body, or both.
• Calcium and phosphate are two minerals that are essential for normal bone formation.  Bone production will be affected if the intake or absorption of calcium is not enough.
• Along with the aging process, calcium and phosphate may be reabsorbed back into the body from the bones, which makes the bone tissue weaker. This can result in brittle, fragile bones that are more prone to fractures, even without injury.
• The leading causes of osteoporosis are a drop in estrogen in women after menopause and a drop in testosterone in men.

Signs and Symptoms

• There are no symptoms in the early stages of the disease.
• Symptoms occurring late in the disease include:
• Bone pain or tenderness
• Fractures with little or no trauma
• Loss of height (as much as 6 inches) over time
• Low back pain due to fractures of the spinal bones
• Neck pain due to fractures of the spinal bones
• Stooped posture, also called a “dowager’s hump”

Test & Screening

• Bone mineral density testing (specifically a densitometry or DEXA scan) measures how much bone you have to predict the risk for bone fractures.

Self-Care

• Calcium is essential for building and maintaining healthy bone. Vitamin D helps in absorption of calcium.

Other tips for prevention:

• Avoid drinking excess alcohol.
• Avoid excessive coffee intake. (2 to 5 cups of coffee produce small increase in calcium excretion, this effect can be offset by increased calcium intake).
• No smoking (Smoking cessation increase BMD, whereas continued smoking decreases BMD and increases fracture risk).
• Regular exercise (Weight-bearing aerobic such as walking, jogging, dancing and strengthening exercises may prevent bone lost and decrease falls and fractures).

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• Calcium should be ingested in adequate amounts to prevent bone destruction. Higher calcium intake has been shown to prevent or reduce bone loss in adults. The combinations of calcium and vitamin D decreased nonvertebal, vertebral and hip fractures.
• Calcium carbonate is the salt of choice because it contains the highest concentration of elemental calcium (40%). It should be ingested with meals to enhance absorption from increased acid secretion. Because the fraction of calcium absorbed decreased with increasing dose, maximum single doses of 600 mg or less of elemental calcium are recommended.
• Constipation is the most common adverse reaction; it can be treated with increased water intake, dietary fiber (given separately from calcium), and exercise. Calcium carbonate can create gas, sometimes causing flatulence or upset stomach.
• High-calcium foods include cheese, ice cream, leafy green vegetables, such as spinach and collard greens, low-fat milk, salmon, tofu, yogurt etc.
• Vitamin D deficiency results from insufficient intake, decreased sun exposure, decreased skin production, decreased liver and renal metabolism and winter residence in northern climates.
• Supplemental vitamin D has been shown to increase BMD, and it may reduce fractures.
• Many experts feel that adult intake should be 800 – 1000 units daily.

Treatment

• Bisphosphonates, alendronate, ibandronate and risedronate (used to both prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women)
• Calcitonin (slows the rate of bone loss and relieves bone pain).
• Hormone Replacement Therapy (Estrogens or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is rarely used anymore to prevent osteoporosis and are not approved to treat a woman who has already been diagnosed with the condition).
• Strontium ranelate (treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis to reduce the risk of vertebral & hip fractures).
• Raloxifene (used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis).

* Consult a pharmacist at Lovy Pharmacy when choosing a supplement for your condition.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=”10vh”][/vc_column][/vc_row]

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